History
08
Introduction to Nationalism:
1700 to the Present
Professor
Hugh Dubrulle
Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 10:00 AM-11:15 AM
Classroom: LL2 (Lower Level Alumni Hall)
Office: 215 Bradley House
Office hours: Tuesdays 2:30PM-4:00PM; Wednesdays 1:00PM-3:00PM
E-mail: hdubrull@anselm.edu
Telephone: (603) 641-7048
website: http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/homepage.html
Themes of the Course
Nationalism is
a phenomenon that sustains itself on particular frames of mind produced by specific
sets of circumstances. In this course, we will study the conditions in the recent
past that contributed to the rise of nationalism as an important force in world
history. In other words, we will try to find where nationalism came from, while
attempting to determine just what nationalism, nationality, and the nation are.
Since this is a history course, we will also trace the development of nationalism
by asking ourselves how it changed over time. While doing so, we will also delineate
the major challenges to the national idea.
As we pursue this
investigation, we will link nationalism to a variety of important events and
developments, including the rise of the state, the French Revolution, the upheavals
of 1848, the wars of unification, modernization, imperialism, the world wars,
decolonization, the fall of the iron curtain, and the emergence of globalism.
Last, we will
ask ourselves the questions that have exercised intellectuals and statesmen
in the last generation. Is the nation on its way out? Has it outlived its usefulness?
Is it counterproductive? Are we living in a post-national age?
Required Readings
Timothy Baycroft,
Nationalism in Europe 1789-1945
Gerasimos Augustinos, The National Idea in Eastern Europe: The Politics
of Ethnic and Civic Community
Various primary and secondary sources to be handed out during the semester
Student Requirements and
Assignments
My Policy regarding Academic
Honesty
According to the
American Historical Association's Statement on the Standards of Professional
Conduct, "the expropriation of another author's text, and the presentation
of it as one's own, constitutes plagiarism and is a serious violation of the
ethics of scholarship." The Statement goes on to assert the following:
"Plagiarism includes more subtle and perhaps more pernicious abuses than
simply expropriating the exact wording of another author without attribution.
Plagiarism also includes the limited borrowing, without attribution, of another
person's distinctive and significant research findings, hypotheses, theories,
rhetorical strategies, or interpretations, or an extended borrowing even with
attribution." So what exactly does plagiarism look like? The Statement
continues by stating that "the clearest abuse is the use of another's language
without quotation marks and citation. More subtle abuses include the appropriation
of concepts, data, or notes all disguised as newly crafted sentences, or reference
to a borrowed work in an early note and then extensive further use without attribution."
If you would like more information on this topic, please refer to the AHA's
statement on plagiarism (http://www. theaha.org/standard_02.htm).
Plagiarism is
reprehensible. If I find you have plagiarized another person's work, I will
show you no mercy: you can expect anything from a zero on a particular assignment
to an F in the class. These penalties serve not only to punish the guilty, but
even more important, to deter those who might feel tempted to engage in unethical
behavior.
Class Participation (20%)
I will base your
class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution
to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering
the professor's questions. They also include:
- Asking questions
concerning the reading, the discussion, or the themes of the course in general
- Challenging
what either the professor or your peers have said
- Making pertinent
observations of all sorts
- Visiting me
during office hours
- Displaying
a positive attitude toward learning and the course
Throughout the
semester, I will call on various groups of students to make short presentations
concerning the reading. These exercises will not only teach you how to teach
your peers, but they will also help you learn how to speak sensibly and coherently.
My assessment of your performance during these presentations will also influence
your class participation grade.
Furthermore, if
you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class
prepared to learn.
- Come to class
having completed the readings assigned for that day (including the textbook
readings).
- If we are scheduled
to discuss a book or an excerpt out of the coursepack, bring the reading to
class so that you can refer to it.
- Bring the textbook
to class.
- Also, please
arrive on time if not a little early. If you must leave class early, let me
know in advance.
Remember, if you
are not attending class, you are not participating.
Food for Thought: Quizzes
and Other Exercises (20%)
In anticipation
of class meetings, I will post several questions associated with the reading
for that particular day. These questions will appear in the "Food for Thought"
section of the website. While you read, pay attention to these questions. At
the beginning of every class meeting, I will give you a five-minute open-note
quiz on one of the posted questions.
Five minutes will
probably not provide you with enough time to scan the reading and write a meaningful
answer. I highly recommend that you jot down notes as you read so that you have
some sort of prepared answer when you take the quiz.
If you arrive
late, you will only have what remains of the five minutes to complete your quiz.
If you miss the quiz completely, you will have no opportunity to make it up.
On other occasions,
as my capricious mood strikes me, instead of asking you to prepare for a quiz,
I will ask you to produce some sort of short written assignment. The assignments
will vary from day to day, so please pay close attention to the Food for Thought
section of the web site to see what I expect.
Essays (30%)
During the semester,
I will provide more information about both of these assignments.
- Essay 1
(due Tuesday, September 23) (10%)
- Essay 2
(due Tuesday, December 9) (20%)
Extensions:
I will grant NO extensions on or after the due date. I will provide an extension
only if you produce the necessary documentation from the academic dean's office.
Turning in
Papers: I will not accept papers submitted to me via e-mail. You must
give the paper to me in person on the day it is due—before I leave campus.
Late Papers:
Late papers will suffer a penalty of 10% for each day they are late. Thus,
a B- paper turned in a day late will become a C- paper. The meter runs on
weekends just as on weekdays. If a paper is due on a Friday, it will be one
day late on Saturday (10% off), two days late on Sunday (20% off), and three
days late on Monday (30% off). The meter also keeps running during holidays
and breaks. It is your responsibility to get the paper to me in such a manner
that I can verify you completed it by a certain time.
I will not grade
late papers until finals week, so not only will you suffer a penalty, you
will also remain ignorant of your paper grade until the end of the semester.
Examinations (30%)
Both examinations
in this class will consist of a short identification section followed by a series
of essays questions.
- Midterm
Examination (10%): This examination will take place on Tuesday, October
21.
- Final Examination
(20%): Saturday, December 13, 9:00 AM-11:00 AM
Everyone must take
the examinations at the assigned time—no exceptions.
Schedule
WEEK 1
Tuesday, September
2
Topic of Discussion:
Introduction
Readings:
none
Thursday, September
4
Topic of Discussion:
What is History?
Reading:
Excerpt from
E.H. Carr, What is History? (1961)
WEEK 2
Tuesday, September
9
Topic of Discussion:
Definitions:
Theories I: The State, the Nation, Culture, and Nationalism
Readings:
Weblink: "What
is Culture?" (http://www.wsu.edu:8001/vcwsu/commons/topics/culture/culture-index.html#purpose)
Max Weber, "Politics
as a Vocation" (1918)
Excerpt from
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (1983)
Excerpt from
Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (1983)
Excerpt from
Eric Hobsbawm, "Inventing Traditions" (1983)
Anthony Smith,
"The Origins of Nations" (1989)
Thursday, September
11
Topic of Discussion:
Definitions:
Theories II: State, Nation and Nationalism
Readings:
Continued from
the last class
WEEK 3
Tuesday, September
16
Topic of Discussion:
The Origins of
Nationalism and the Emergence of the State
Readings:
Excerpt from
Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History (2001)
Excerpt from
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (1983)
Excerpt from
Anthony Smith, National Identity (1991)
Thursday, September
18
Topic of Discussion:
The Idea of Popular
Sovereignty
Readings:
Excerpt from
Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History (2001)
Excerpts from
John Locke, Two Treatises of Government (1690)
Declaration of
Independence (1776)
WEEK 4
Tuesday, September
23: Essay 1 due
Topic of Discussion:
The Nationalism
of the Intellectuals
Readings:
Excerpt from
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract (1762)
Excerpts from
Johann Gottfried von Herder, Reflections on the Philosophy of the History
of Mankind (1784-1791)
Thursday, September
25
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism before
the Revolution
Readings:
David Bell, "The
Unbearable Lightness of Being French: Law, Republicanism and National Identity
at the End of the Old Regime" (2001)
Excerpts from
Linda Colley, Britons: Forging the Nation (1992)
Simon Schama,
Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (1990)
Web Gallery:
William Hogarth,
Calais Gate, or The Roast Beef of England (1749)
William Hogarth,
The March to Finchley (1749)
Benjamin West,
The Death of General Wolfe (1771)
Jacques-Louis
David, The Oath of the Horatii (1784)
Jacques-Louis
David, The Death of Socrates (1787)
Jacques-Louis
David, Brutus Receiving the Bodies of His Sons from the Lictors (1789)
WEEK 5
Tuesday, September
30
Topic of Discussion:
The French Revolution
I
Readings:
Excerpt from
Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History (2001)
Baycroft, pp.
3-11
Abbé Sieyès,
"What is the Third Estate?" (1789)
Count de Clermont
Tonnerre, Speech in the National Assembly (1789)
Abbé Maury,
Speech in the National Assembly (1789)
Armand Guy Kersaint,
Speech in the Legislative Assembly (1792)
Jean Denis Lanjuinais
and Pierre Guyomar on Women's Rights (1793)
Thursday, October
2
Topic of Discussion:
The French Revolution
II
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
12-13
Excerpts from
Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History (2001)
R.R. Palmer and
Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World (1984)
Maximilien Robespierre,
"The Republic of Virtue" Speech (1794)
Johann Gottlieb
Fichte, Addresses 8 and 13 to the German Nation (1808)
Ernst Moritz
Arndt, "Where is the German's Fatherland?" (1806)
Benedict Anderson,
Imagined Communities (1983)
Simon Bolivar,
Message to the Congress of Angostura (1819)
WEEK 6
Tuesday, October
7
Topic of Discussion:
From 1848 to
the Wars of National Unification I
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
14-18
John Merriman,
A History of Modern Europe from Renaissance to the Present (1996)
Resolutions of
the Frankfurt Pre-Parliament (1848)
Frantisek Palacky's
Letter to the Frankfurt Parliament (1848)
Speech of President
Heinrich von Agern of the Frankfurt Parliament (1848)
Excerpts from
the Reich Constitution (1848)
Hungarian Declaration
of Independence (1849)
Guiseppe Mazzini,
On the Duties of Man (1840)
Carlo Pisacane,
The War in Italy between 1848-1849 (1851)
Web Gallery:
Map of Austrian
Empire
Map of Austrian
Ethnicities
Tables of
Austrian Ethnicities
Map of Italy
Thursday, October
9
Topic of Discussion:
From 1848 to
the Wars of National Unification II
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
18-23
John Merriman,
A History of Modern Europe from Renaissance to the Present (1996)
Otto von Bismarck,
The Memoirs (1898)
The Political
Creed of the National Society (1858)
Camille de Cavour
Reports to King Victor Emmanuel on Plombieres (1858)
Giuseppe Mazzini's
Public Declaration on Italy and the French Alliance (1859)
Camille de Cavour's
Speech to the Piedmontese Senate on Annexing Central and Southern Italy (1860)
Giuseppe Ferrari's
Speech to the Italian Parliament on Federation in Italy (1860)
Text of Ausgleich
(1867)
Friedrich Ferdinand
Count von Beust, Memoirs (1887)
Web Gallery:
Map of Germany
in the 1860s
Map of Italy
in the 1860s
WEEK 7
Tuesday, October
14: Monday classes meet
Thursday, October
16
Topic of Discussion:
From 1848 to
the Wars of National Unification III
Readings:
Continued from
the last class
WEEK 8
Tuesday, October
21: MIDTERM
Thursday, October
23
Topic of Discussion:
The American
Question
Readings:
John Murrin,
"The Dilemma of American National Identity" (1987)
Excerpt from
Noah Webster, Dissertations on the English Language (1789)
Excerpts from
Michel-Guillaume John de Crevecoeur, Letters from an American Farmer
(1782)
George Washington,
Farewell Address (1796)
Except from Clinton
Rossiter, The American Quest: An Emerging Nation in Search of Identity
(1971)
WEEK 9
Tuesday, October
28
Topic of Discussion:
Competing 19th-Century
Notions of the Nation
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
24-32
Excerpt from
John Stuart Mill, On Representative Government (1861)
Lord Acton, "Nationality"
(1862)
Ernest Renan,
"What is a Nation?" (1882)
Thursday, October
30
Topic of Discussion:
Making the Nation:
Modernization, the State, and Nationality
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
33-41, 51-60
Excerpt from
Ernest Gellner, Thought and Change (1964)
Excerpts from
Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914,
Chapter 12: "Roads, Roads, and Still More Roads,"Chapter 17: "Migration
of Another Sort: Military Service,"Chapter
18: "Civilizing in Earnest: Schools and Schooling" (1976)
Excerpt from
Ernest Lavisse, Second Year of French History (1895)
Eric Hobsbawm,
"Mass-Producing Traditions: Europe, 1870-1914" (1983)
WEEK 10
Tuesday, November
4
Topic of Discussion:
The Marxist Critique
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
42-50
Excerpts from
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Excerpt from
Vladimir Lenin, The Right of Nations to Self-Determination (1914)
Richard Pipes,
"The National Problem in Russia" (1955)
Thursday, November
6
Topic of Discussion:
Imperialism and
Nationalism
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
6-70
Augostinos, pp.
1-23
Excerpt from
Marvin Perry, Western Civilization: A Brief History (2001)
Excerpts from
Arthur de Gobineau, Essays on the Inequality of the Human Races (1853-1855)
Benjamin Disraeli,
The Crystal Palace Speech (1872)
Crawford Young,
"The Colonial Construction of African Nations" (1985)
WEEK 11
Tuesday, November
11
Topic of Discussion:
World War I and
Nationalism
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
71-77
Augustinos, pp.
25-30, 36-54
Excerpt from
Paxton, Europe in the Twentieth Century (2002)
Thomas Masaryk,
Independent Bohemia (1915)
Web Gallery:
World War I Posters
Thursday, November
13
Topic of Discussion:
Fascism, Nazism,
and the Nation
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
77-79
Augustinos, pp.
60-65
Excerpt from
Benito Mussolini, What is Fascism? (1932)
Excerpt from
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925, 1927)
Hans Gunther,
"Nordic Race as 'Ideal' Type" (1929)
WEEK 12
Tuesday, November
18
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism,
World War II, and the Commencement of the Cold War
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
79-83
Augustinos, pp.
67-79
George Orwell,
"Notes on Nationalism" (1945)
Excerpt from
Jean Monnet, Memoirs (1978)
Excerpt from
Josef Stalin, Marxism and the National-Colonial Question (1913)
Thursday, November
20
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism behind
the Iron Curtain
Readings:
Augostinos, pp.
81-125
Brezhnev Doctrine
(1968)
WEEK 13
Tuesday, November
25
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism and
Anti-Imperialism: India
Readings:
Excerpt from
P.J. Marshall, Illustrated History of the British Empire (2001)
Excerpt from
Mahatma Gandhi, Hind Swaraj (1909)
Speech by Abul
Kalam Azad (1940)
Speeches by Muhammed
Ali Jinnah (various dates)
Speech by Vinayak
Damodar Savarkar (1923)
Speech by Bhim
Rao Ambedkar (1940)
R.K. Narayan,
"Lawley Road" (1958)
Thursday, November
27: Thanksgiving
WEEK 14
Tuesday, December
2
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism and
Anti-Imperialism: Africa
Readings:
Excerpt from
Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (1961)
Excerpt from
Ndabaningi Sithole, African Nationalism (1959)
Rupert Emerson,
"Pan Africanism" (1962)
Robert Rotberg,
"African Nationalism: Concept or Confusion" (1966)
Benyamin Neuberger,
"The Western Nation-State in African Perceptions of Nation-Building"
(1976)
Thursday, December
4
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism and
Anti-Imperialism: The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet
Union
Readings:
Excerpt from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Mikhail Gorbachev,
Nationalities Policy of the Party under Current Conditions (1989)
Augustinos, pp. 127-146
WEEK 15
Tuesday, December
9: Essay 2 due
Topic of Discussion:
The Balkans Revisited
Readings:
Augustinos, pp.
147-153
Slobodan Milosevic,
Speech at Kosovo Field (1989)
Slobodan Milosevic,
Speech to the Nation (2000)
Thursday, December
11
Topic of Discussion:
The Future of
Nationalism
Readings:
Baycroft, pp.
84-89
Excerpts from
David Held, "The Decline of the Nation State" (1990)
Excerpts from
Clifford Geertz, "After the Revolution: The Fate of Nationalism in the
New States" (1973)
Michael Mann,
"Nation-States in Europe and Other Continents: Diversifying, Developing,
Not Dying" (1993)
FINAL EXAMINATION:
Saturday, December 13, 9:00 A.M.-11:00 AM.