History 231
Always in the Making:
Modern Britain, 1688 to the Present

Professor Hugh Dubrulle
Class Time:  MWF 1:00PM-1:50PM
Classroom:  Wyatt 313 
Office:  Wyatt 138 
Office Hours:  MW 2:00PM-4:00PM and by appointment
E-mail:  hdubrulle@ups.edu 
Telephone:  (253) 879-3518
website: www.ups.edu/faculty/hdubrulle/home.htm

"Learn if you can the why and the wherefore."—Lord Chesterfield

Themes of the Course

Over the last three hundred years, a variety of individuals, institutions, and forces have worked toward consolidating the diverse welter of people on the British Isles into a truly united nation. At the same time, however, a great array of groups have either opposed these efforts or contested the vision that inspired them. In this course, we will assess the nature of the attempt to forge a British nation and understand the difficulties it has encountered. At the same time, we will see how various events and developments shaped this project. By the end of the semester, we can reach some informed conclusions about a Britain divided by race, class, gender, ethnicity, and religion—and its never-ending struggle to become a nation.

Required Readings

Walter Willcox and Walter Arnstein, The Age of Aristocracy, 1688-1830 (first textbook)
Walter Arnstein, Britain Yesterday and Today, 1830 to the Present (second textbook)
Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield
Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution
George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier
Coursepack

Viewings

Over the course of the semester, you will have to view at least two of these movies and write a 300-word essay on each.

The Madness of King George (1994) (Monday, February 18, 7PM, Wyatt 101)
Angels and Insects (1996) (Monday, March 25, 7PM, Wyatt 101)
How Green Was My Valley (1941) (Wednesday, April 3, 7PM, Wyatt 101)
Hope and Glory (1987) (Monday, April 22, 7PM, Wyatt 101)
My Beautiful Laundrette (1986) (Monday, May 6, 7PM, Wyatt 101)

Student Requirements and Assignments

My Policy regarding Academic Honesty

To fulfill its mission, a university must demand honesty from all its members. If you wish to understand more fully what honesty requires of you both inside and outside the classroom, please consult the "Academic Honesty" section of The Logger. Any violation of the rules set out in this section constitutes a grave matter. If I detect such a violation on your part, I reserve the right to inflict any punishment I deem necessary—from a zero on a particular assignment to an F for the class.

Collegiality (15%):

This grade depends on your class participation and your leadership of class discussion.

Class Participation (10%):  I will base your class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering the professor's questions. They also include:

Furthermore, if you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class prepared to learn.

Remember, if you are not attending class, you are not participating.

Leading Class Discussion (5%): I have set aside twelve particular topics—each on a specific day—in which groups consisting of two students will lead classroom discussion. I will circulate a sign-up sheet in class. Sign up as soon as possible for the topic of your choice. If you have not volunteered for a discussion by the end of class on Monday, January 28, I will assign you one at random.

Although circumstances will vary according to the topic, I expect you to relate the sources to the themes of the course. As you plan the discussion, feel free to employ some creativity.

For this assignment, not only will you be responsible for leading discussion, but you will also be required to produce a Food for Thought homework assignment for your peers in the class. Furthermore, your grade on this assignment will depend not only on my evaluation of your presentation, but on the opinion of your fellow students. After each presentation, I will ask your peers to provide a short written assessment of your performance, which I will forward to you with my own comments. I will provide more information about this assignment on the website. Here are your options:

Food for Thought Reading Assignments (20%):

For almost every class meeting, I will assign you a series of questions that will help you understand the readings. You must provide short written responses to these questions that appear in the "Food for Thought" section of the website. These written responses are due in class on the day we discuss the readings to which they pertain—no exceptions. If you are not in class, you will not get credit for the assignment that day.

Essays (40%):

Over the course of the semester, I will provide more information concerning the following assignments.

Turning in Papers: I will not accept papers submitted to me via e-mail. You must give the paper to me in person on the day it is due—before I leave campus.

Late Papers:  Late papers will suffer a penalty of 10% for each day they are late. Thus, a B- paper turned in a day late will become a C- paper. The meter runs on weekends just as on weekdays. If a paper is due on a Friday, it will be one day late on Saturday (10% off), two days late on Sunday (20% off), and three days late on Monday (30% off). The meter also keeps running during holidays and breaks. It is your responsibility to get the paper to me in such a manner that I can verify you completed it by a certain time.   

Completing Papers and Obtaining a Passing Grade:  You must obtain a passing grade on ALL papers to pass the class. In other words, if you turn in a C paper (75%) two days late (20% penalty), you will get an F (55%) for the paper and fail the course.

Examinations (25%):

Both examinations in this class will consist exclusively of essay questions.

Everyone must take the examinations at the assigned time—no exceptions.

Suggestions for Success in This Class

Although the professor figures prominently in the failure or success of his students, the students themselves bear much responsibility for their own education. What follows is a series of suggestions about how you can make the most of the opportunities this class offers.

Attendance:  It is impossible to learn anything or obtain a more than mediocre grade unless one attends class. The following assertion may sound trite, but it remains true: those who come to class enjoy a huge advantage over those who do not.

Attitude:  If you come prepared to work hard and learn something, you will enjoy yourself and have a enjoyable experience. On the other hand, if you are determined to dislike this course or cruise through with a minimum of effort, you will suffer through a long and miserable semester.

Attentiveness:  Pay attention to the syllabus, to the website, and to what I say. By doing so, you will spare yourself (and me) a great deal of trouble later on. 

Reading:  No matter how smart you are, you must read to learn. If you do not read, you will not encounter ideas and perspectives that differ from your own. Your mind will remain insular and undeveloped, and you will have succeeded in defeating the purpose of the liberal arts education for which you have paid so much.     

Thinking:  It is absolutely imperative that you think while you read and write. Glancing at a page in a book is not reading. At the same time, merely typing a series of words is not writing. Only the thinking that takes place during these activities gives them any meaning or value. Always think before doing. If anything, a liberal arts education ought to teach you to think.   

Care:  Anybody can conceive of a great idea. Very few show the care necessary to realize that idea elegantly. You can only learn these qualities through practice, patience, and diligence. The more care you show for your work, the more you will achieve. 

Initiative:  Take some initiative in your own education. If you encounter an obstacle, find a way to surmount it rather than an excuse to succumb to it. One of Aesop's fables concludes with the moral,  "God helps those who help themselves," which is just another way of saying that people who help themselves will meet with more success than those who complain, whine, cry, or simply give up.

Consultation:  If you have ANY questions about the class that the website or syllabus do not answer, please consult me. Send me an e-mail, come to my office hours, or set up an appointment with me. One of the advantages associated with attending a small, private, liberal arts college is that you have easy access to the faculty. Take advantage of that access to ask the professor for help.

And Finally. . . :  Look at this class as an opportunity to impress me with your application and thought.  Seize that opportunity. If you do not, somebody else invariably will. In this context, merely "adequate" performances will not make much of an impression and will lead to mediocre grades.

Schedule

WEEK 1

Wednesday, January 23

Topic of Discussion:
What This Class Is About

Friday, January 25

Topic of Discussion:
The Revolutionary Settlement of 1689
Readings:
The Bill of Rights (1689)
The Act of Settlement (1701)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 3-14, 17-21, 24-25

WEEK 2

Monday, January 28

Topic of Discussion:
Creating Britain
Readings:
The Act of Union with Scotland (1707)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 34-38, 40-45

Wednesday, January 30

Topic of Discussion:
British Society in the Eighteenth Century
Readings:
Gregory King, "Natural and Political Observations " (1696)
Excerpts from Lord Chesterfield's Letters to His Son (1751-1752)
Daniel Defoe on the Wealthy Trading Class (1726)
David Davies, "The Case of Laborers in Husbandry" (1795)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 49-78

Friday, February 1

Topic of Discussion:
British Politics and the Rise of the Fiscal-Bureaucratic State in the Eighteenth Century
Reading:
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 21-24, 38-40, 79-101, 106-107

WEEK 3

Monday, February 4

Topic of Discussion:
The Vicar of Wakefield
Reading:
Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield

Wednesday, February 6

Topic of Discussion:
British Foreign Policy in the Eighteenth Century
Reading:
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 14-16, 26-34, 101-106, 108-130

Friday, February 8

Topic of Discussion:
The 1760s: Turning Point of Empire
Readings:
Articles of Capitulation for Montreal . . . (1760)
Excerpts from John Malcom, "An Assessment of the Annexations [in India]" (1823)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 223-229

WEEK 4

Monday, February 11

Topic of Discussion:
The '45
Readings:
Paris Manifesto of Prince Charles Stuart (1745)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 151-185

Wednesday, February 13

Topic of Discussion:
British Radicalism in the Age of the American Revolution
Readings:
Declaration of Independence (1776)
Excerpts from Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)
John Wilkes' Motion for "A Just and Equal Representation of the People of England in Parliament" (1776)

Friday, February 15

Topic of Discussion:
Methodism and the Religious Complexion of Britain
Readings:
John Welsey, "A Plain Account of the People Called Methodists" (1748)
John Wesley, "The Character of a Methodist" (1742)
Edmund Gisbon (Bishop of London), "A Criticism of the Methodists" (ca. 1740)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 207-223

WEEK 5

Monday, February 18

Topic of Discussion:
The French Revolution in Britain
Readings:
Excerpts from Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790)
Excerpts from "Revolutions without Bloodshed, or Reformation Preferable to Revolt" (1794)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 233-245

Wednesday, February 20

Topic of Discussion:
"No Identification in Anything. . . .": The Act of Union with Ireland
Readings:
Henry Grattan, Speech Moving a Declaration of Irish Right (1780)
Act for the Union of Great Britain and Ireland (1800)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 255-259

Friday, February 22

Topic of Discussion:
Britain and the Napoleonic Wars
Readings:
Thomas Creevey's Account of Wellington after Waterloo (1822)
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 245-255, 259-298

WEEK 6

Monday, February 25

Topic of Discussion:
Industrialization and the Communications Revolution
Readings:
Arnstein, pp. 19-31
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 186-206

Wednesday, February 27

Topic of Discussion:
The Consequences of Industrialization
Readings:
James Wilson, "The First Half of the Ninteenth Century: Progress of the Nation and the Race" (1851)
Samuel Smiles, "Men of Business" from Self-Help (1859)
Friedrich Engels, The Condition of the Working Classes in England (1844)
George Sturt, "Prices" from The Wheelwright's Shop (1923)
Evidence Given before the Sadler Committee on Child Labour (1832)

Friday, March 1

Topic of Discussion:
The Many Faces of British Liberalism
Readings:
Excerpt from John Stuart Mill, On Liberty
Willcox and Arnstein, pp. 299-325

WEEK 7

Monday, March 4

Topic of Discussion:
The Age of Reform I: The End of the Old Constitution
Readings:
Lord John Russell on the Repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts (1828)
The Bishop of Armagh Opposes Catholic Emancipation (1829)
The Commons Debate on the First Reform Bill: Lord John Russell, T.B. Macaulay, and Sir Robert Peel (1832)
Sir Robert Peel, The Tamworth Manifesto (1834)
Arnstein, pp. 3-18

Wednesday, March 6

Topic of Discussion:
The Age of Reform II: Popular Reform Movements
Readings:
Daniel O'Connell, Speech at Tara (1843)
The Corn Laws: Two Rival Petitions and Richard Cobden on the Food Tax (1841)
Address of the National Anti-Corn Law League Council (1843)
The Six Points of the People's Charter (1837)
The Chartists and the Anti-Corn Law League (1842)
Speech by Thomas Attwood Presenting the Chartist National Petition to the House of Commons (1839)
Arnstein, pp. 32-50

Friday, March 8

Topic of Discussion:
The Age of Reform III: The Expanding Brief of the Victorian State
Reading:
Arnstein, pp. 50-61

WEEK 8

Monday, March 11

Topic of Discussion:
The Growth of Secularization
Readings:
Excerpts from the Religious Census of 1851
Charles Darwin on Religious Belief (1876)
The Quarterly Review Attacks the Religious Implications of Darwin's Origin of Species (1860)
Arnstein, pp. 77-104

Wednesday, March 13

Topic of Discussion:
The English Constitution
Reading:
Walter Bagehot, The English Constitution

Friday, March 15: MIDTERM EXAMINATION

SPRING RECESS (March 18-March 22)

WEEK 9

Monday, March 25

Topic of Discussion:
The Emergence of Popular, National Politics: The Reform Act of 1867 and Beyond
Readings:
William Gladstone Favors Lowering the Borough Franchise (1864)
Robert Lowe Presents the Case against Democracy (1867)
Benjamin Disraeli, "Conservative and Liberal Principles" (1872)
Arnstein, pp. 121-134

Wednesday, March 27

Topic of Discussion:
The Changing Landscape of Late Victorian Society
Readings:
Lord Palmerston Describes His Vision of Social Mobility (1865)
Excerpt from Thomas Hay Sweet Escott, England: Her People, Polity, and Pursuits (1880)
Arnstein, pp. 137-158

Friday, March 29

Topic of Discussion:
The Question of Irish Home Rule
Readings:
Excerpts from Two Speeches by Charles Stewart Parnell on Irish Home Rule (1885)
William Gladstone Moves the First Government of Ireland Bill (Home Rule Bill) (1886)
Arnstein, pp. 159-172

WEEK 10

Monday, April 1

Topic of Discussion:
The Diamond Jubilee, the Empire, and the Monarchy in Transition
Readings:
Joseph Chamberlain on "The True Conception of Empire" (1897)
Rudyard Kipling, "The White Man's Burden" (1899)
Rudyard Kipling, "Recessional" (1897)
Arnstein, pp. 173-190

Wednesday, April 3

Topic of Discussion:
Social Reform and the Problem of Poverty
Readings:
Excerpts from Thomas Carlyle, Past and Present (1843)
Excerpts from Charles Booth, Life and Labour of the People in London (1902)
Excerpt from William Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890)
Joseph Chamberlain and Frank Harris, "The Housing of the Poor in Towns" from The Radical Programme (1885)
Manifesto of the Fabian Society (1884)
Excerpt from Rider Haggard, Rural England (1902)
Arnstein, pp. 191-209

Friday, April 5

Topic of Discussion:
Tariff Reform versus the People's Budget
Readings:
Balance of Payments and Export of Capital by Quinquennial Averages, 1875 to 1914
Joseph Chamberlain Initiates the Imperial Preference Campaign at Glasgow (1903)
David Lloyd George Defends the "People's Budget" (1910)
Arnstein, pp. 213-237

WEEK 11

Monday, April 8

Topic of Discussion:
The Nature of the Women's Movement and the Emergence of the Suffragettes
Readings:
"Why Women Want the Vote": Pamphlet Issued by the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) (1903)
Emmeline Pankhurst's Portman Rooms Speech (1908)
Emmeline Pankhurst's Hartford Speech (1913)
Arnstein, pp. 237-241

Wednesday, April 10

Topic of Discussion:
British Foreign Policy to 1914
Reading:
Arnstein, pp. 62-73, 105-120, 244-259

Friday, April 12

Topic of Discussion:
World War I
Readings:
Excerpts from Robert Graves, Good-bye to All That (1929)
Arnstein, pp. 260-286

WEEK 12

Monday, April 15

Topic of Discussion:
Irish Home Rule
Readings:
The Ulster Covenant (1912)
Edward Carson Opposes Irish Home Rule (1914)
Proclamation of an Irish Republic during the Easter Rebellion (1916)
Irish Free State Act (1922)
Eamon de Valera Opposes the Treaty with Britain (1921)
Arnstein, pp. 241-243, 286-300, 303-322

Wednesday, April 17

Topic of Discussion:
The Great Depression
Reading:
George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier (1937)

Friday, April 19

Topic of Discussion:
Their Finest Hour: Britain and World War II
Reading:
Arnstein, pp. 323-359

WEEK 13

Monday, April 22

Topic of Discussion:
The Welfare State
Readings:
Excerpt from Clement Attlee, The Labour Party in Perspective (1937)
Excerpt from the Beveridge Report on Social Insurance and Allied Services, "Introduction and Summary" (1942)
Arnstein, pp. 360-373, 377-387

Wednesday, April 24

Topic of Discussion:
Decolonization
Readings:
Excerpts from Mahatma Gandhi, Hind Swaraj (1909)
Harold MacMillan's "Wind of Change" Speech (1960)
Arnstein, pp. 373-377, 391-398

Friday, April 26

Topic of Discussion:
Empire Windrush and the New, Mulicultural Britain
Readings:
Enoch Powell's "Rivers of Blood" Speech (1968)
Arnstein, pp. 398-413

WEEK 14

Monday, April 29

Topic of Discussion:
Britain and Europe
Reading:
Arnstein, pp. 418-425

Wednesday, May 1

Topic of Discussion:
The End of Home Rule in Northern Ireland
Readings:
Prime Minister Terence O'Neill Attempts to Calm Northern Ireland (1968)
Arnstein, pp. 425-429, 457-459

Friday, May 3

Topic of Discussion:
The 1960s and 1970s: The Permissive Society
Reading:
Arnstein, pp. 414-417, 429-440

WEEK 15

Monday, May 6

Topic of Discussion:
Thatcher and Thatcherism
Readings:
Margaret Thatcher's Speech to the Conservative Party Conference in Blackpool (1975)
Arnstein, pp. 443-457, 459-463

Wednesday, May 8

Topic of Discussion:
Britain Today and Tomorrow
Readings:
Tony Blair's Speech to the Labour Party Conference in Brighton (2001)
Arnstein, pp. 463-482

FINAL EXAMINATION: Friday, May 17, 12:00PM-2:00PM