History 33
In the Shadow of Revolution:
Modern France, 1789-1989

Professor Hugh Dubrulle
Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 1:00PM-2:15 PM
Classroom: 5 Alumni Hall (Third Floor)
Office: 206 Bradley House
Office hours: Tuesdays 2:30PM-4:00PM; Wednesdays 1:00PM-3:00PM
E-mail: hdubrull@anselm.edu
Telephone: (603) 641-7046
website: http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/homepage.html

Themes of the Course

There are no "typical" European countries, yet the history of modern France reflects the history of modern Europe better, perhaps, than any other nation. Certainly nowhere else in Europe have such a variety of political and social conflicts manifested themselves so plainly. In this course, we will start our survey with the founding event of modern France (and perhaps of modern Europe), the French Revolution of 1789. Throughout the semester, we will study this revolution's lasting influence and paradoxical impact on French history. We will pay close attention to the different ways in which later generations produced conflicting interpretations of the Revolution's meaning and how these interpretations influenced repeated attempts to organize politics and society. In the course of our investigation, we will study the origins of French instability while stressing the continuity and long-term trends that also characterize France's history.

Required Readings

Gordon Wright, France in Modern Times
Emile Guillaumin, The Life of a Simple Man
Michael Burns, France and the Dreyfus Affair
Colette, Chéri
Isaac Levendel, Not the Germans Alone
Primary Sources (to be distributed in class)
Web Gallery

Student Requirements and Assignments

My Policy regarding Academic Honesty

According to the American Historical Association's Statement on the Standards of Professional Conduct, "the expropriation of another author's text, and the presentation of it as one's own, constitutes plagiarism and is a serious violation of the ethics of scholarship." The Statement goes on to assert the following: "Plagiarism includes more subtle and perhaps more pernicious abuses than simply expropriating the exact wording of another author without attribution. Plagiarism also includes the limited borrowing, without attribution, of another person's distinctive and significant research findings, hypotheses, theories, rhetorical strategies, or interpretations, or an extended borrowing even with attribution." So what exactly does plagiarism look like? The Statement continues by stating that "the clearest abuse is the use of another's language without quotation marks and citation. More subtle abuses include the appropriation of concepts, data, or notes all disguised as newly crafted sentences, or reference to a borrowed work in an early note and then extensive further use without attribution." If you would like more information on this topic, please refer to the AHA's statement on plagiarism (http://www. theaha.org/standard_02.htm).

Plagiarism is reprehensible. If I find you have plagiarized another person's work, I will show you no mercy: you can expect anything from a zero on a particular assignment to an F in the class. These penalties serve not only to punish the guilty, but even more important, to deter those who might feel tempted to engage in unethical behavior.

Class Participation (20%)

I will base your class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering the professor's questions. They also include:

Furthermore, if you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class prepared to learn.

Remember, if you are not attending class, you are not participating.

Quizzes (20%)

In anticipation of each class meeting, I will post three or four questions associated with the reading for that particular day. These questions will appear in the "Food for Thought" section of the website. While you read, pay attention to these questions. At the beginning of every class meeting, I will give you a five-minute open-note quiz on one of the three or four posted questions.

Five minutes will probably not provide you with enough time to scan the reading and write a meaningful answer. I highly recommend that you jot down notes as you read so that you have some sort of prepared answer when you take the quiz.

If you arrive late, you will only have what remains of the five minutes to complete your quiz. If you miss the quiz completely, you will have no opportunity to make it up.

Essays (30%)

During the semester, I will provide more information about both of these assignments.

Turning in Papers: I will not accept papers submitted to me via e-mail. You must give the paper to me in person on the day it is due—before I leave campus.

Late Papers:  Late papers will suffer a penalty of 10% for each day they are late. Thus, a B- paper turned in a day late will become a C- paper. The meter runs on weekends just as on weekdays. If a paper is due on a Friday, it will be one day late on Saturday (10% off), two days late on Sunday (20% off), and three days late on Monday (30% off). The meter also keeps running during holidays and breaks. It is your responsibility to get the paper to me in such a manner that I can verify you completed it by a certain time.

I will not grade late papers until finals week, so not only will you suffer a penalty, you will also remain ignorant of your paper grade until the end of the semester.

Examinations (30%)

Both examinations in this class will consist of a short identification section followed by a series of essays questions.

Everyone must take the examinations at the assigned time—no exceptions.

Schedule

WEEK 1

Tuesday, January 14

Topic of Discussion:
Introduction
Readings: none

Thursday, January 16

Topic of Discussion:
The Old Regime
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Arthur Young, Travels during the Years 1787, 1788, and 1789 (1792)
Primary Source: "La Petite Annette" and Other French Folk Tales
Wright, pp. 14-32
Web Gallery:
Jean-Honore Fragonard
François Boucher
Jean-Baptiste Greuze

WEEK 2

Tuesday, January 21

Topic of Discussion:
The Origins and Commencement of the French Revolution
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? (1788)
Primary Source: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)
Wright, pp. 33-49
Web Gallery:
Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii (1784)

Thursday, January 23

Topic of Discussion:
From the Liberal to the Radical Revolution
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpt from Pierre Vergniaud, Speech to the Constituent Assembly, (1792)
Primary Source: Maximilien Robespierre, "Republic of Virtue" Speech (1794)
Wright, pp. 49-62

WEEK 3

Tuesday, January 28

Topic of Discussion:
Napoleon
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpt from Marquis de Montholon, Napoleon at St. Helena (1846)
Wright, pp. 63-78
Web Gallery:
Jacques-Louis David

Thursday, January 30

Topic of Discussion:
The Bourbon and Orleanist Experiments
Readings:
Primary Source: The Constitutional Charter of 1814
Primary Source: Excerpt from a Debate between François Guizot and Adolphe Thiers in the Chamber of Deputies (1847)
Primary Source: Excerpt from Louis Blanc, The Organization of Labor (1840)
Wright, pp. 89-122

WEEK 4

Tuesday, February 4

Topic of Discussion:
The Life of a Simple Man
Readings:
Emile Guillaumin, The Life of a Simple Man

Thursday, February 6

Topic of Discussion:
The Revolution of 1848 and Its Consequences
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Alexis de Tocqueville, Recollections (c. 1852)
Wright, pp. 123-135

WEEK 5

Tuesday, February 11

Topic of Discussion:
"The First Time as a Tragedy, The Second Time as a Farce": The Second Empire and Napoleon III
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte, "The Napoleonic Idea" (1840)
Wright, pp. 136-144

Thursday, February 13

Topic of Discussion:
Economic, Social, and Intellectual Developments 1814-1870
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Auguste Comte, System of a Positivist Polity (1851-1854)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, First Memoir: An Inquiry into the Principle of Right and Government (1840)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Arthur de Gobineau, The Moral and Intellectual Diversity of Races (1856)
Wright, pp. 145-181
Web Gallery:
Theodore Gericault
Eugène Delacroix
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
Jean-François Millet
Honore Daumier
Gustave Courbet

WEEK 6

Tuesday, February 18: Essay 1 due

Topic of Discussion:
France in the World 1814-1870
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Muhammad As-Saffar, Disorienting Encounters (1845)
Wright, pp. 182-195

Thursday, February 20

Topic of Discussion:
A Republic? If So, What Kind of Republic?
Readings:
Primary Source: J.B. Millière, "The Revolution in 1871" from La Commune (1871)
Primary Source: Official Program of the Commune from the Journal Officiel (1871)
Primary Source: Ernest Renan, What is a Nation? (1882)
Wright, pp. 205-242

WEEK 7

Tuesday, February 25

Topic of Discussion:
Making Frenchmen
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpt from Ernest Lavisse, Second Year of French History (1895)
Primary Source: Léon Gambetta, Speech on Education in Bordeaux (1871)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Ernest Renan, The Intellectual and Moral Reform of France (1871)
Primary Source: Official Program Issued to Elementary-School Teachers for Moral Education (1883)
Primary Source: Excerpt from Eugen Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen (1976)

Thursday, February 27: MIDTERM

March 3-7: Spring Break

WEEK 8

Tuesday, March 11

Topic of Discussion:
The Dreyfus Affair
Readings:
Michael Burns, France and the Dreyfus Affair
Wright, pp. 242-245

Thursday, March 13

Topic of Discussion:
The Radical Republic and the Belle Epoque
Readings:
Primary Source: Program of the Radical-Socialist Party (1907)
Primary Source: Georges Clemenceau versus Jean Jaurès in the Chamber of Deputies (1906)
Wright, pp. 246-287
Web Gallery:
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Edgar Degas
Georges Seurat
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Paul Cezanne

WEEK 9

Tuesday, March 18

Topic of Discussion:
Chéri
Readings:
Colette, Chéri

Thursday, March 20

Topic of Discussion:
French Foreign Policy and World War I
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Jules Ferry, Tonkin and the Mother Country (1890)
Primary Source: Excerpts from Paul Leroy-Beaulieu, Colonization and Modern Nations (1874)
Wright, pp. 288-316

WEEK 10

Tuesday, March 25

Topic of Discussion:
World War I (cont.)/The Quest for Equilibrium
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpt from Emilie Carles, A Life of Her Own (1977)
Wright, pp. 321-341
Web Gallery:
Henri Matisse
Georges Braque
Fernand Leger
Robert Delaunay
Marcel Duchamp
Marc Chagall
Joan Miró

Thursday, March 27: Essay 2 due

Topic of Discussion:
The Consequences of Economic Instability
Readings:
Wright, pp. 342-362

WEEK 11

Tuesday, April 1

Topic of Discussion:
From Crisis to Disaster
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Marc Bloch, Strange Defeat (1940)
Primary Source: Marshal Pétain, Message to the French People (1940)
Wright, pp. 363-395

Thursday, April 3

Topic of Discussion:
Not the Germans Alone
Readings:
Isaac Levendel, Not the Germans Alone

WEEK 12

Tuesday, April 8

Topic of Discussion:
From the Fourth Republic to De Gaulle
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Charles de Gaulle, The War Memoirs of Charles de Gaulle (1959)
Primary Source: Charles de Gaulle, The Bayeux Address (1946)
Primary Source: Charles de Gaulle on French Foreign Policy (1965)
Primary Source: "Students, Mass Uprising!" from La Cause du Peuple (1968)
Primary Source: "Which Revolution?" from l'Enragé (1968)
Wright, pp. 396-422

Thursday, April 10

Topic of Discussion:
Thirty Glorious Years
Readings:
Wright, pp. 435-447

WEEK 13

Tuesday, April 15

Topic of Discussion:
French Thought
Readings:
Primary Source: Excerpts from Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus (1942)
Primary Source: Jean-François Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition (1979)
Wright, pp. 448-458

Thursday, April 17: Easter Break

WEEK 14

Tuesday, April 22: Monday classes meet today

Thursday, April 24

Topic of Discussion:
To Infinity and Beyond
Readings:
Wright, pp. 423-434

WEEK 15

Tuesday, April 29

Topic of Discussion:
Review Session

FINAL EXAMINATION: TBA