History 03 A
War and Revolution
in the Western World

Professor Hugh Dubrulle

Class Time: Mondays and Wednesdays 2:30 PM-3:45 PM
Classroom: LL2 (Alumni Hall)
Office: 215 Bradley House
Office hours: Monday and Wednesday 10:00 AM-12:00 PM, and by appointment
E-mail: hdubrull@anselm.edu
Telephone: (603) 641-7048
Website: http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/hdubrulle/home.htm

Themes of the Course

Ever since Western civilization emerged in Mesopotamia, armed conflict has proven central to the development of that civilization. In this course, we will survey the relationship between war, society, and politics in the West from the earliest Near Eastern civilizations to the present day. First, we will investigate how war both caused and expressed changes in Western politics, society, economics, and culture. By pursuing these themes, we will come to see how war has shaped our world by determining the nature and functions of the state, recasting social organization, influencing economic activity, and molding our thoughts and beliefs. We will also discuss the extent to which these changes were either revolutionary or evolutionary. At the same time, we will attempt to distinguish between different types of armed conflict—total war, absolute war, people's war, guerrilla war, revolutionary war, and modern war—while paying particularly close attention to Clausewitz's theories so that we can better understand the nature and function of war. Last, we will take note of how the battlefield environment and the experience of war have both changed and remained constant over the centuries.

Required Readings

Christon Archer, John Ferris, Holger Herwig, and Timothy Travers, World History of Warfare
John Keegan, The Face of Battle
Primary and Secondary Source Readings on Blackboard

Student Requirements and Assignments

My Policy regarding Academic Honesty

According to the American Historical Association's Statement on the Standards of Professional Conduct, "the expropriation of another author's text, and the presentation of it as one's own, constitutes plagiarism and is a serious violation of the ethics of scholarship." The Statement goes on to assert the following: "Plagiarism includes more subtle and perhaps more pernicious abuses than simply expropriating the exact wording of another author without attribution. Plagiarism also includes the limited borrowing, without attribution, of another person's distinctive and significant research findings, hypotheses, theories, rhetorical strategies, or interpretations, or an extended borrowing even with attribution." So what exactly does plagiarism look like? The Statement continues by stating that "the clearest abuse is the use of another's language without quotation marks and citation. More subtle abuses include the appropriation of concepts, data, or notes all disguised as newly crafted sentences, or reference to a borrowed work in an early note and then extensive further use without attribution." If you would like more information on this topic, please refer to the AHA's statement on plagiarism at http://www.historians.org/pubs/free/professionalstandards.cfm

Plagiarism is reprehensible. If I find you have plagiarized another person's work, I will show you no mercy: you can expect anything from a zero on a particular assignment to an F in the class. These penalties serve not only to punish the guilty, but even more important, to deter those who might feel tempted to engage in unethical behavior.

Class Participation (25%)

I will base your class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering the professor's questions. They also include:

Furthermore, if you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class prepared to learn.

Remember, if you are not attending class, you are not participating and your grade will suffer accordingly.

My Attendance Policy

It is in your interest to attend class. If you do not go to class, your class participation and quiz grades will suffer. You will also miss important insights into the material that both the professor and your peers will offer during discussion. Consequently, your exam grades will also suffer.

Unfortunately, some students remain unmoved by such rational considerations and do not attend class. My policy is that if you miss six class meetings for any reason, you will obtain a zero on your class participation grade. Since numerous absences will make it is unlikely that you will perform well in the rest of the class, a zero in class participation will probably constitute a crippling blow to your overall grade and lead to failure in the course.

Food for Thought: Quizzes and Other Exercises (25%)

In anticipation of class meetings, I will post several questions associated with the reading for that particular day. These questions will appear in the "Food for Thought" section of the website. While you read, pay attention to these questions. At the beginning of every class meeting, I will give you a five-minute open-note quiz on one of the posted questions.

Five minutes will probably not provide you with enough time to scan the reading and write a meaningful answer. I highly recommend that you jot down notes as you read so that you have some sort of prepared answer when you take the quiz.

If you arrive late, you will only have what remains of the five minutes to complete your quiz. If you miss the quiz completely, you will have no opportunity to make it up.

On other occasions, as my capricious mood strikes me, instead of asking you to prepare for a quiz, I will ask you to produce some sort of short written assignment. The assignments will vary from day to day, so please pay close attention to the "Food for Thought" section of the website to see what I expect.

Examinations (50%)

All examinations in this class will consist of a short identification section followed by a series of essays questions.

Everyone must take the examinations at the assigned time—no exceptions.

Schedule

WEEK 1

Monday, January 16

Topic of Discussion:
Introduction

Wednesday, January 18

Topic of Discussion:
War and Revolution
Readings:
Excerpts from Karl von Clausewitz, On War (1832)
Williamson Murray and MacGregor Knox, "Thinking about Revolutions in Warfare" (2001)

WEEK 2

Monday, January 23

Topic of Discussion:
The Origins of Warfare
Reading:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 1-19

Wednesday, January 25

Topic of Discussion:
Theocracy, Empire, and War in the Near East
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 19-42
Inscriptions of Tiglathpileser I (r. 1115-1077 BC)
Assyrian Reliefs

WEEK 3

Monday, January 30

Topic of Discussion:
The Greek Way of War
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 62-73
Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus (ca. 100)
Excerpt from Herodotus, The Histories (ca. 450 BC)

Wednesday, February 1

Topic of Discussion:
The Macedonian Synthesis
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 74-79
Excerpts from Plutarch, Life of Alexander (ca. 100)

WEEK 4

Monday, February 6

Topic of Discussion:
The Roman War Machine
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 79-100
Excerpts from Polybius, The Histories (ca. 150 BC)
Excerpts from Niccolo Machiavelli, The Discourses (ca. 1515)

Wednesday, February 8

Topic of Discussion:
The Barbarians at War
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 103-137
Excerpt from Procopius, History of the Wars (ca. 550)
Excerpt from Agathias, The Histories (ca. 560)
Excerpts from the Strategikon (ca. 600)

WEEK 5

Monday, February 13: MIDTERM

Wednesday, February 15

Topic of Discussion:
Feudalism
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp.140-152
The Bayeux Tapestry (ca. 1080)
Excerpts from The Chronicle of James I of Aragon (r. 1213-1276)

WEEK 6

Monday, February 20

Topic of Discussion:
Christianity and Crusading
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 152-169
Truce of God Issued by the Church Council of Toulouges (1041)
Pope Urban II's Appeal for a Crusade at Clermont (1095)
Saladin's Account of Hattin (1187)

Wednesday, February 22

Topic of Discussion:
The Waning of Feudalism
Reading:
Keegan, The Face of Battle (Agincourt)

WEEK 7

Monday, February 27

Topic of Discussion:
Gunpowder: Evolution or Revolution?
Reading:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 217-256

Wednesday, March 1

Topic of Discussion:
The Crisis of Authority and the Age of "Religious" Wars
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 278-303
Venetian Ambassador Alvise Contarini Reports on the Causes of the French Civil Wars (1572)
Excerpts from Hans Jacob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, The Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus (1669)
Jacques Callot, "Miseries of War" (etchings) (1633)

March 6-10: Spring Break

WEEK 8

Monday, March 13

Topic of Discussion:
The Early European Overseas Empires
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 240-242, 440-448
Excerpts from Bernal Diaz, The Conquest of New Spain (1576)

Wednesday, March 15

Topic of Discussion:
Absolutism and the Rise of the State
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 303-307, 319-362
Excerpts from Frederick the Great, The History of My Own Times (ca. 1770s)

WEEK 9

Monday, March 20

Topic of Discussion:
The Age of Revolution
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 380-401
Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789)

Wednesday, March 22

Topic of Discussion:
Napoleon
Reading:
Keegan, The Face of Battle (Waterloo)

WEEK 10

Monday, March 27: MIDTERM

Wednesday, March 29

Topic of Discussion:
Class, Nation, and War
Readings:
John Stuart Mill, "Nationality" (1861)
Excerpts from Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto (1848)

WEEK 11

Monday, April 3

Topic of Discussion:
Coming to Terms with Industrialization
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 410-438
Mark Grimsley, "Surviving Military Revolution: The U.S. Civil War" (2001)
Dennis Showalter, "The Prusso-German RMA, 1840-1871" (2001)

Tuesday, April 4
Movie: Breaker Morant (Location and Time TBA)

Wednesday, April 5

Topic of Discussion:
The New Imperialism
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 448-480
Excerpts from C.E. Callwell, Small Wars: Their Principles and Practice (1906)
Excerpts from Winston Churchill, The River War (1899)
T.E. Lawrence, "The Science of Guerilla Warfare" (1929)

WEEK 12

Monday, April 10

Topic of Discussion:
The Somme
Reading:
Keegan, The Face of Battle (The Somme)

Wednesday, April 12

Topic of Discussion:
World War I
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 483-488, 492-511
Andre Laffargue, The Attack in Trench Warfare (1916)

WEEK 13

Monday, April 17: Easter Break

Wednesday, April 19

Topic of Discussion:
World War II: Total War, Theory and Practice
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 511-546
Excerpts from Giulio Douhet, The Command of the Air (1921)
Excerpts from Charles De Gaulle, The Army of the Future (1934)

WEEK 14

Monday, April 24

Topic of Discussion:
Nuclear Weapons and the Cold War
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 549-559
Excerpts from Bernard Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (1959)
Fortune Magazine, "The Nuremberg Novelty" (1945)
Henry Stimson, "The Nuremberg Trial: Landmark in Law" (1947)

Tuesday, April 25
Movie: The Battle of Algiers (Location and Time TBA)

Wednesday, April 26

Topic of Discussion:
Decolonization and Wars of National Liberation
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 559-566, 579-587
Philip Davidson, "The Strategy of Revolutionary War" (1990)
Excerpts from Roger Trinquier, Modern Warfare (1961)

WEEK 15

Sunday, April 30
Movie: Black Hawk Down (Location and Time TBA)

Monday, May 1

Topic of Discussion:
RMA's and "Lifting the Fog of War"
Readings:
Archer, Ferris, Herwig, and Tavers, pp. 566-578
Norman C. Davis, "An Information-Based Revolution in Military Affairs" (1996)
Robert M. Cassidy, "Why Great Powers Fight Small Wars Badly" (2002)

FINAL EXAMINATION: TBA