History
03
War and Revolution
in the Western World
Professor
Hugh Dubrulle
Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 10:00AM-11:15 AM (Section A)
Tuesdays and Thursday 2:30PM-3:45PM (Section B)
Classroom: NHIOP 4001 (Section A)
15 Alumni Hall (Section B)
Office: 215 Bradley House
Office hours: Mondays and Wednesdays 2:00PM-4:00PM
E-mail: hdubrull@anselm.edu
Telephone: (603) 641-7048
website: http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/hdubrulle/home.htm
Themes of the Course
In her work, On
Revolution, Hannah Arendt claimed, "Wars and revolutions . . . have
thus far determined the physiognomy of the twentieth century" and that
"war and revolution still constitute its two central political issues."
During the twentieth century, wars and revolutions became frequent, protracted,
and sweeping, rendering the era an "age of extremes," as Eric Hobsbawm
put it. War and revolution, however, are not exclusively twentieth-century phenomena;
they have a long and interwoven history.
In this course,
we will survey the relationship between war and revolution from about the 15th
century onward. Throughout the semester, we will focus particularly on the manner
in which military developments have affected society, politics, and culture.
At the same time, we will also investigate the extent to which social organization,
political institutions, and cultural developments have influenced the conduct
of war.
Required Readings
The Cambridge
Illustrated History of Warfare, ed. Geoffrey Parker
John Keegan, The Face of Battle
Primary and Secondary Sources (to be handed out during the semester)
Web Gallery
Movies (Breaker Morant [1980], The Battle of Algiers [1966],
and Blackhawk Down [2001])
Student Requirements and
Assignments
My Policy regarding Academic
Honesty
According to the
American Historical Association's Statement on the Standards of Professional
Conduct, "the expropriation of another author's text, and the presentation
of it as one's own, constitutes plagiarism and is a serious violation of the
ethics of scholarship." The Statement goes on to assert the following:
"Plagiarism includes more subtle and perhaps more pernicious abuses than
simply expropriating the exact wording of another author without attribution.
Plagiarism also includes the limited borrowing, without attribution, of another
person's distinctive and significant research findings, hypotheses, theories,
rhetorical strategies, or interpretations, or an extended borrowing even with
attribution." So what exactly does plagiarism look like? The Statement
continues by stating that "the clearest abuse is the use of another's language
without quotation marks and citation. More subtle abuses include the appropriation
of concepts, data, or notes all disguised as newly crafted sentences, or reference
to a borrowed work in an early note and then extensive further use without attribution."
If you would like more information on this topic, please refer to the AHA's
statement on plagiarism (http://www. theaha.org/standard_02.htm).
Plagiarism is
reprehensible. If I find you have plagiarized another person's work, I will
show you no mercy: you can expect anything from a zero on a particular assignment
to an F in the class. These penalties serve not only to punish the guilty, but
even more important, to deter those who might feel tempted to engage in unethical
behavior.
Class Participation (20%)
I will base your
class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution
to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering
the professor's questions. They also include:
- Asking questions
concerning the reading, the discussion, or the themes of the course in general
- Challenging
what either the professor or your peers have said
- Making pertinent
observations of all sorts
- Visiting me
during office hours
- Displaying
a positive attitude toward learning and the course
Furthermore, if
you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class
prepared to learn.
- Come to class
having completed the readings assigned for that day (including the textbook
readings).
- If we are scheduled
to discuss a book or an excerpt out of the coursepack, bring the reading to
class so that you can refer to it.
- Bring the textbook
to class.
- Also, please
arrive on time if not a little early. If you must leave class early, let me
know in advance.
Remember, if you
are not attending class, you are not participating.
Quizzes (30%)
In anticipation
of each class meeting, I will post three or four questions associated with the
reading for that particular day. These questions will appear in the "Food
for Thought" section of the website. While you read, pay attention to these
questions. At the beginning of every class meeting, I will give you a five-minute
open-note quiz on one of the three or four posted questions.
Five minutes will
probably not provide you with enough time to scan the reading and write a meaningful
answer. I highly recommend that you jot down notes as you read so that you have
some sort of prepared answer when you take the quiz.
If you arrive
late, you will only have what remains of the five minutes to complete your quiz.
If you miss the quiz completely, you will have no opportunity to make it up.
Examinations (50%)
All examinations
in this class will consist of a short identification section followed by a series
of essays questions.
- Midterm
Examinations (30% total): These examinations will take place on Thursday,
February 26 and Tuesday, April 6.
- Final Examination
(20%): Final examinations will take place on Friday, May 7 at 9:00AM (Section
A) and Monday, May 10 at 1:00PM (Section B).
Everyone must take
the examinations at the assigned time—no exceptions.
Schedule
WEEK 1
Tuesday, January
20
Topic of Discussion:
Introduction
Readings:
None
Thursday, January
22
Topic of Discussion:
What is War?
What is Revolution?
Readings:
Excerpts from
Carl von Clausewitz, On War (1832)
Excerpts from
MacGregor Knox and Williamson Murray, "Thinking about Revolutions in Warfare"
from The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050 (2001)
WEEK 2
Tuesday, January
27
Topic of Discussion:
Agincourt and
Late Medieval Warfare
Reading:
Parker, pp. 92-105
Keegan, pp. 78-116
Web Gallery:
Agincourt
Thursday, January
29
Topic of Discussion:
The Military
Revolution on Land
Reading:
Parker, pp. 106-117
Michael Roberts,
"The Military Revolution, 1560-1660" (1967)
Geoffrey Parker,
"The 'Military Revolution, 1560-1660'-A Myth?" (1976)
Clifford Rogers,
"The Military Revolution of the Hundred Years War" (1993)
Jeremy Black,
"A Military Revolution? A 1660-1792 Perspective" (1995)
Web Gallery:
The Military
Revolution
WEEK 3
Tuesday, February
3
Topic of Discussion:
The Reformation,
Dynastic War, and the Struggle for Stability
Reading:
Excerpts from
Hans Jacob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, The Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus
(1669)
Venetian Ambassador
Alvise Contarini Reports on the Causes of the French Civil Wars (1572)
Excerpts from
Eugene Rice, Foundations of Early Modern Europe (1970)
Parker, pp. 146-163
Web Gallery:
The Age of Disorder
Thursday, February
5
Topic of Discussion:
The Military
Revolution at Sea and the Commercial Empires
Reading:
Parker, pp. 120-131
Excerpt from
Luis Vaz de Camões, The Lusiads (1572)
Web Gallery:
The Military
Revolution at Sea
WEEK 4
Tuesday, February
10
Topic of Discussion:
The European
Conquest of the Americas
Reading:
Parker, pp. 132-145
Excerpts from
Bernal Díaz, The Conquest of New Spain (1576)
Thursday, February
12
Topic of Discussion:
The Rest of the
World and the Military Revolution
Reading:
Kochu Bey, Memorandum
to Sultan Murad IV (1630)
WEEK 5
Tuesday, February
17
Topic of Discussion:
The Scientific
Revolution and the Enlightenment
Reading:
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Excerpts from
Kagan, Ozment, Turner, The Western Heritage since 1300 (2001)
Excerpts from
John Locke, Two Treatises on Government (1690)
Immanuel Kant,
"What is Enlightenment?" (1784)
Thursday, February
19
Topic of Discussion:
The Absolutist
State and Army
Reading:
Parker, pp. 164-185
Excerpts from
Frederick the Great, Works (c. 1770)
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Web Gallery:
The Absolutist
Army
WEEK 6
Tuesday, February
24
Topic of Discussion:
The American
and French Revolutions
Reading:
Parker, pp. 186-196
Excerpt from
Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)
Declaration of
Independence (1776)
Abbé Sieyès,
"What is the Third Estate?" (1788)
Declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789)
Thursday, February
26: MIDTERM
March 1-5:
Spring Break
WEEK 7
Tuesday, March
9
Topic of Discussion:
Waterloo and
Napoleonic Warfare
Reading:
Parker, pp. 196-213
Keegan, pp. 117-205
Thursday, March
11
Topic of Discussion:
Guerrilla and
People's War
Reading:
Excerpts from
Carl von Clausewitz, On War (1832)
Charles Esdaile,
"Spanish Guerrillas: Heroes or Villains?" (1988)
Web Gallery:
Guerrilla and
People's War
WEEK 8
Tuesday, March
16
Topic of Discussion:
The Industrial
Revolution: Changing the Tools and Technology of Warfare
Reading:
Parker, pp. 216-220
Excerpts from
Jackson Spielvogel, Western Civilization (2000)
Thursday, March
18
Topic of Discussion:
Nationalism as
a Revolutionary Movement
Reading:
Excerpts from
John Stuart Mill, "On Nationality" from Considerations on Representative
Government (1861)
Excerpt from
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities (1983)
Excerpt from
Ernest Gellner, Nations and Nationalism (1983)
WEEK 9
Tuesday, March
23
Topic of Discussion:
War in the Age
of National Unification
Reading:
Parker, pp. 220-241
Mark Grimsley,
"Surviving Military Revolution: The U.S. Civil War" (2001)
Dennis Showalter,
"The Prusso-German RMA, 1840-1871" (2001)
Web Gallery:
War in the
Age of National Unification
Thursday, March
25
Topic of Discussion:
Imperialism and
Little Wars
Reading:
Parker, pp. 242-252
Douglas Porch,
"Imperial Wars: From the Seven Years War to the First World War" (1997)
Excerpt from
C. E. Callwell, Small Wars (1906)
WEEK 10
Tuesday, March
30
Topic of Discussion:
The Emergence
of Japan
Reading:
Akira Iriye,
"Japan's Drive to Great-Power Status" (1989)
Excerpts from
the Iwakura Embassy's Report (1873)
Thursday, April
1
Topic for
Discussion:
Socialism and
Marxism
Reading:
Excerpts from
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto (1848)
WEEK 11
Tuesday, April
6: MIDTERM
Thursday, April
8: Easter Recess
WEEK 12
Tuesday, April
13
Topic of Discussion:
The Somme and
World War I
Reading:
Parker, pp. 266-297
Keegan, pp. 207-289
Thursday, April
15
Topic of Discussion:
Preparing for
Total War: Ideological and Military Prerequisites
Reading:
Parker, pp. 298-302
Excerpts from
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925, 1927)
Excerpts from
Giulio Douhet, The Command of the Air (1921)
Excerpts from
Charles De Gaulle, The Army of the Future (1934)
WEEK 13
Tuesday, April
20
Topic of Discussion:
World War II:
Total War
Reading:
Parker, pp. 302-339
Excerpts from
Sir Arthur Harris, Bomber Offensive (1947)
Erich Andres
on the Bombing of Hamburg (1943) and Gotz Bergander on the Bombing of Dresden
(1945)
Summary Report,
United States Strategic Bombing Survey (1945)
Excerpt from
Guy Sajer, The Forgotten Soldier (1967)
Web Gallery:
World War II
Thursday, April
22
Topic of Discussion:
The Nuclear Challenge
Reading:
Excerpt from
Preston, Roland, and Wise, Men in Arms (2001)
Excerpt from
Bernard Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (1959)
WEEK 14
Tuesday, April
27
Topic of Discussion:
Revolutionary
Wars of Liberation: Algeria and All That
Reading:
Parker, pp. 346-356
Excerpts from
Roger Trinquier, Modern War (1961)
Che Guevara,
"General Principles of Guerrilla Warfare" (1960)
Mao Tse-Tung,
"On Protracted War" (1938)
Web Gallery:
Revolutionary
Wars of Liberation
Thursday, April
29
Topic of Discussion:
Conventional
Wars since 1945
Reading:
Parker, pp. 340-345,
356-363
Web Gallery:
Conventional
Wars since 1945
WEEK 15
Tuesday, May
4
Topic of Discussion:
The Future of
War: A Military Revolution, a Revolution in Military Affairs, or the End of
War as We Know It?
Reading:
Parker, pp. 364-373
Keegan, pp. 303-343
Eliot Cohen,
"A Revolution in Warfare" (1996)
MacGregor Knox
and Williamson Murray, "The Future Behind Us" (2001)
Excerpts from
Martin van Creveld, The Transformation of War (1991)
FINAL EXAMINATION:
Friday, May 7 at 9:00AM (Section A) and Monday, May 10 at 1:00PM (Section B)