Answers to Practice Exam
Science Section
True or false:
1. Science believes that nature consists of qualitatively identical particles. T
2. Science believes that every particle is unique and individual. F
3. Science deals with common everyday experience. F
4. Science tries to separate the pure properties from the impure perceptions we normally perceive by only considering controlled experiments under idealized situations. T
5. Science believes that all objects have internal natures that determine their final goals. F
6. Science deals with concrete particular realities. F
7. Science believes that objects in nature have no internal natures. T
8. Science believes that all things are moved by final causation; they move in order to fulfill a purpose. F
9. Science believes that things are moved only by contact; by efficient causation. T
10. Science is more like Aristotle than Plato, because it emphasizes the importance of sense experience. F
11. Science is more like Plato than Aristotle, because it emphasizes the way in which appearances can deceive us. T
12. Science works by abstraction of the formal properties of matter. T
13. The scientific revolution represented a move back to an Aristotelianism dependence on observation from the Platonism of the Middle ages. F
14. The scientific revolution involved paying more attention to everyday common sense experience. F
matching:
Primary properties secondary properties
1. color, odor, tone. S
2. are the real properties that an object has apart from any observer P
3. formal mathematical properties of space and time. P
4. exist only in the mind. S
5. are the effects that an object has on an observer. S
6. shape, size, number, speed P
7. we know them through the senses S
8. we know them by using the mind to analyze the senses P
9. physical magnitudes. P
10. internal natures. NEITHER
Science, Aristotle, or neither?
a. transcendent. N
b. composed of qualitiatively identical particles. S
c. has values and inherent tendencies. A
d. completely objective. S
e. subjective. A
f. formal. S
g. extended in space and time. S
h. composed of particles which are all unique and different from one another. N
T or F
1. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To prove that we are immortal. F
2. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To show how science and religion could both be true. T
3. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To refute science and show that religion is true. F
4. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To refute religion and show that science is true. F
5. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To prove that we cannot not know if anything exists, because we might be dreaming. F
6. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To prove that God exists. F
7. A Main aim of Descartes in the Meditations was To provide a foundation for scientific method and show that this foundation was the mind, not the senses. T
8. Descartes main aim in the Meditations was to show that nothing really existed because we can never know that we are not dreaming. F
9. Descartes held that through the senses we only perceive the contents of our own mind. T
10. Descartes disagreed with Plato and thought that the more subjective you get the more real you get was true for all that existed. F
11. Descartes agreed with Plato on the role of objectivity in the physical world. T
12. Descartes disagreed with Plato on the role of objectivity in the physical world. F
13. Descartes agreed with Plato on the role of objectivity in the mind or soul. F
14. Descartes disagreed with Plato on the role of objectivity for the mind. T
15. Descartes disagreed with Plato that objectivity was reality for all that existed. T
Did Descartes us these to accomplish aim 1, 2, or neither.
a. Showing that a non-deceiving God exists and is the source of our reason. _1__
b. Showing that God is an evil deceiving demon._N__
c. Showing that mind and body are separate substances._2__
d. showing that we are a thinking substance because can be certain of the existence of our mind, but not our body. 2
e. showing that knowledge from the senses is reliable._N__
f. Showing that we cannot be sure that anything exists._N__
g. Showing that all our knowledge from the senses is open to doubt._1__
Match
A substance dualism
B dual aspect theory
C Materialism
1. mind and body are connected somehow and interact. B, C
2. mind and body are completely distinct and separate. A
3. There is a unique and irreducible content to mental states that cannot be duplicated in any physical account. A, B
4. mental states can be fully reduced to physical states. C
5. mind and body are radically different types of stuff. A
6. Body does not exist; all is mind. NONE
7. mind and body are two different ways of looking at the same thing. B
8. human behavior is completely explainable in terms of objective physical properties C
9. Transcendent agent A
10. Emergent self B
11. Empiricist self C
12. the self results from the organization or arrangement of our physically affected components and is not separate from them. B
13. there is no self; it breaks down into all its components. C
14. The self is separate from all the physically affected components of our bodies and minds. A
15. When one looks at all the parts that make a person one finds no self. C
16. When one looks at all the parts that make a person one finds no self, so the self must be some imperceptible or transcendent part. A
17. The self is not another part, but how the parts work together as a whole. B