Drugs - Terms and Definitions
General Biology BI 01, Saint Anselm College
Some Terms and Definitions
| Tolerance | decreased response to a drug, addict needs stronger
and stronger doses each time toachieve the same high
|
| Withdrawal | any signs and symptoms associated with a physcially dependent person not taking the drug |
| Abuse | deliberate, illicit (non-medical) use of drugs, motivated by pleasure from CNS |
| Dependence | needs drug to function normally, drug use becomes
more important than work/family/friends etc.
|
| Controlled Substance | a drug that has abuse liability and is listed on a government controlled substance schedule |
| Gateway drugs | drugs used early (pre-teens) that lead to further substance abuse (e.g., nicotine, alcohol, marijauna) |
| Designer drugs | synthetic derviative of a drug but causes similar pharmaodynamic action, used for cirumvention of schedules for controlled drugs |
Drugs - Classification and Examples
| Type | Drug | Street Names | Intoxication/Effects | Withdrawal Symptoms |
| Depressants
(downers) |
Alcohol | slurred speech
lack of coordination impaired judgement aggressive behavior stupor/blackouts/coma mood lability other |
hyperactivity
hand tremor insomnia vomiting hallucinations anxiety other |
|
| Barbiturates | barbs, reds, red birds, ludes (quaaludes) | respiratory depression
similar to effects of alcohol |
cardiovascular collapse
anxiety seizures delirium |
|
| Stimulants
(uppers) |
Amphetamines | bennies, black beauties, speed, uppers | Increased heart rate
increased blood pressure dilated pupils sweating euphoria hypervigilance other |
fatigue
insomnia hypersomnia increased appetite vivid unpleasant dreams psychomotor retardation or agitation post-use crash |
| Cocaine | blow, coke, crack, flake, snow | euphoria
pupillary dilation impaired judgement angina and sudden cardiac death |
fatigue
severe depression severe craving suicidal tendencies |
|
| Ketamine | Special K |
increased heart rate and BP impaired motor function delirium depression respiratory depression |
?? | |
| PCP | angel dust, love pill | belligerence, violent tendencies
mutism impaired judgement amnesia hypertension muscle rigidity seizures coma other |
?? | |
| Caffeine | restlessness
nervousness excitement insomnia diuresis rambling thoughts and speech cardiac arrhytmia |
headache
lethargy depression |
||
| Nicotine | increase blood pressure
increase heart rate decreased appetite restlessness anxiety |
depressed mood
insomnia irritability anxiety difficulty concentrating increased appetite and weight gain |
||
| Hallucinogen | LSD | acid, microdot, blotter | tremors
blurred vision hallucinations increased body temperature flashbacks paranoia increased blood pressure marked anxiety or depression |
none |
| Cannabis - marijauna | dope, ganja, grass, reefer | increased appetite
dry mouth euphoria anxiety dreamy fantasy state hallucinations poor adaptational skills with chronic use |
none | |
| Cannabis -hashish | hash, boom, gangster | |||
| Psilocybin | shrooms, mushrooms |
blurred vision hallucinations increased vital signs (heart rate, blood pressure, etc.) sleeplessness
|
?? | |
| Mescaline | mesc, peyote | |||
| Inhalants | solvents,
paint thinners, glue, gasoline |
dizziness
slurred speech depressed reflexes belligerence, violence impaired judgement generalized muscle weakness stupor coma |
poorly understood | |
| Analgesics | Opiods - heroine, | dope, H, horse, smack | constricted pupils
respiratory depression drowsiness slurred speech decreased blood pressure decreased body temperature euphoria apathy impaired judgement |
nausea
vomiting pilioerection sweating diarrhea fever insomnia muscle aches |
| Opiods- opium | big O, black stuff | |||
| Opiods -codeine | Captain Cody, cody, pancakes and syrup | |||
| Opiods -Oxycontin | O. C. oxy, killer | |||
| Antipsychotics or
Neuroleptics |
used to treat psychoses (schizophrenia, mania,
depression, dementia/delirium, movement disorders (e.g., Tourette's syndrome) |
n/a | ||
| Lithium | used to treat bipolar syndrome (manic depression,
uncontrolled ups and downs) |
n/a | ||
| Haloderidol | used to control agitation in elderly patients and for
Tourette's syndrome |
n/a |
Phobias and Disorders Table
| Types of Phobias | Definition |
| Gamophobia | fear of marriage |
| Algophobia | fear of pain |
| Acrophobia | fear of heights |
| Agoraphobia | fear of open places |
| Types of Disorders | Definition |
| Pseudocyesis | false belief of being pregnant |
| Body dysmorphic disorder | patient believes that part of their anatomy is malformed |
| Malingering disorder | patient consciously fakes or claims to have a disorder to attain a specific goal (e.g., financial reward) |
| Factitious disorder or Munchausen syndrome |
person consciously creates symptoms in order to receive medical attention |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | person who experiences or witnessed traumatic, usually life-threatening/serious injury event, event is persistnely re-experiences event, leads to increased arousal, distress, anxiety, social/occupational impairment |
| Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa | refusal to maintain appropriate body weight, person
is usually 85% of their normal body weight, intense fear
of gaining weight, higher incidence in females
|
| Eating Disorder - Bulimia | maintains normal body weight but binge eating is frequent and persistent, followed by self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics or other medications, fasting, excessive exercise |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | hyperactive, short attention span, highly senitive to stimuli, treated with Ritalin |
| Tourette's Syndrome | involuntary motor and vocal movements |
Blackboard at Saint Anselm College
