| Year | Area | Winners | Discovery |
| 2011 | Physiology and or Medicine | Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann | "for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity" |
| Physics | Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess | "for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae" | |
| Chemistry | Dan Shechtman | "for the discovery of quasicrystals" | |
| 2010 | Physiology and or Medicine | Robert G. Edwards | "development of the in vitro fertilization procedure, which has so far led to the birth of around 4 million people." |
| Physics | Andre Geim Konstantin Novoselov | "for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" | |
| Chemistry | Richard F. Heck Ei-ichi Negishi Akira Suzuki | "for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis", technique used to make drugs that kill cancer cells, antibiotics and make parts for sophisicated electronics (e.g., diodes for thin monitors, etc.) | |
| 2009 | Physiology and or Medicine | Elizabeth H. Blackburn Carol W. Greider Jack W. Szostak | "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase". |
| Physics | Charles K. Kao Willard S. Boyle George E. Smith | "for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication",the other half jointly to Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith "for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor" | |
| Chemistry | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan Thomas A. Steitz Ada E. Yonath | "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome". | |
| 2008 | Physiology and or Medicine | Harald zur Hausen, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, Luc Montagnier | "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer",the other half jointly to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus". |
| Physics | Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa | "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics",the other half jointly to Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa "for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature". | |
| Chemistry | Osamu Shimomura Martin Chalfie Roger Y. Tsien | "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP". | |
| 2007 | Physiology and or Medicine | Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans, Oliver Smithies | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells". |
| Physics | Albert Fert Peter Grünberg | "for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance" | |
| Chemistry | Gerhard Ertl | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces". | |
| 2006 | Physiology and or Medicine | Andrew Z. Fire, Craig C. Mello | "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" |
| Physics | John C. Mather, George F. Smoot | "for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation" | |
| Chemistry | Roger D. Kornberg | "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" | |
| 2005 | Physiology and or Medicine | Barry J. Marshall, J. Robin Warren | Discovered Helicobacter pylori bacteria as the source of ulcers |
| Physics | Roy J. Glauber | "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence" | |
| John L. Hall, Theodor W. Hänsch | "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique" | ||
| Chemistry | Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock | "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis" | |
| 2004 | Physiology and or Medicine | Axel, Buck | genetics of the sense of smell |
| Physics | Gross, Politzer | quarks and strong force that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus | |
| Chemistry | Ciechanover, Hershko, Rose | cellular destruction of proteins |
