Discussion

In the current study, the initial hypotheses were partially supported. It appears that the type of interviewer and the type of questioning have an impact on the number of correct responses attained regarding past events.
The subjects in the non-authority condition answered more questions correctly than the subjects in the perceived authority condition. This was true regardless of the type of interviewer. The non-authority figure condition was set up to create a more relaxed atmosphere in which the subjects were not intimidated, and felt comfortable answering the questions, even if it meant countering what the experimenter said.
The hypothesis regarding question type was not supported. This result, although significant, is at odds with the current literature. The current study found subjects in the leading conditions to have a higher number of correct responses on the Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility than subjects in the open-ended conditions.
This result may be due in part to the format of the leading questions. Because five of them contained correct information, it may have given the leading question group an unfair advantage. The open-ended versions of those questions required the other subjects to come up with an answer on their own, thereby making it a more difficult task. Had the leading questions been less informative, the might have been a main effect in the predicted direction. Anyone replicating this study may want to consider that point.
The interaction effect that was predicted expected there to be no differences between the two non-authority conditions, but expected to see a difference between the two perceived authority conditions, where the open-ended condition would have a higher number of correct scores than the leading condition. What was discovered, however, was that the number of questions in the perceived authority conditions were relatively stable. On the other hand, the non-authority condition that received leading questions gained a higher number of correct responses than the non-authority, open-ended question group.
It may be speculated that subjects in this condition felt more comfortable correcting the interviewer’s facts in the leading conditions. The lower scores on the open-ended questions could be attributed to their level of difficulty to the population used in the study.
The number of intrusions as compared to the first and second recall of the story may hold important implications.  The experimenter’s initial hypothesis was supported. It was found that the number of induced, as opposed to extraneous intrusions, or facts not part of the story, was significantly increased when there were leading questions. This may imply that leading questions and the information in them may become part of a child’s actual memory for an event. When these leading questions contain false information, this may be particularly dangerous, especially when children of this age are being interviewed in forensic situations.
 After the data was collected, another factor was analyzed. The number of shifts was investigated. Though there were no predictions, the statistical results make sense and are in accordance with the initial hypothesis and current research. When there is the potential for intimidation by a perceived authority figure, it makes sense that a primary school aged child would have doubts as to the correctness of their initial answers. This would lead a child to change his or her answer in order to please the person interviewing them. However, when there is no threat as to the characteristics of the interviewer, as took place in the non-authority condition, the child may be more likely to concur with their original answer, or, not shift at all.
 From the results of the current study, it can be speculated that when questioned in an informal environment, children are less worried about appeasing a potential authority figure and will make more accurate assessments of a past event.
 There were some limits to the current study. For instance, some of the subjects briefly interacted with the interviewer before they were to be tested when she visited each of the classrooms. Therefore, the children saw her dress as both authoritarian and more peer-like. If this study were to be replicated, it would be beneficial to have no interaction with students out of character for the condition to which they have been assigned.
 Another potential problem is in the measure used. The version of the Bonn Test of Statement Suggestibility that was used did not come with scoring for all of the dependent measures. For example, the test did not come with a set of open-ended questions, so the experimenter created them. There was no reliability measure for these questions. Also, there was no accurate measure for the number of intrusions. If this study is to be replicated, one may want to investigate sources of other potential tests of suggestibility.
 The results of the current study hold implications for interviews with children in forensic and clinical settings. First of all, the person who conducts the interview has a significant influence on the child who is giving information. It appears that children are more intimidated and wish to please the interviewer when he or she is perceived as an authority figure. This is consistent with the current research on children and authority. In this condition, children will more likely acquiesce to whatever pieces of information that is fed to them by an interviewer.
 Second, it appears that the most beneficial way to ask children in this age group questions is through an open-ended format. If the event is salient in the child’s mind, he or she should not have any difficulty in recalling it. This is something that was not reflected in the current study. Children in the current study may have had trouble recalling events in the story told because they did not find them particularly meaningful.
 Overall, it may be said that perhaps more precautions, such as the Criminal Justice Act and the Memorandum of Practice used in Great Britain, need to be taken in forensic areas where children are involved. Despite its limitations, the current study has provided additional support to the current ideologies on  children’s suggestibility level and their ability to be especially persuadable by adults.
 Regarding future directions, further research should be conducted on the interaction between perceived authority and suggestibility. Future studies may want to make the difference between the perceived authority and non-authority figures even more extreme. It would also be beneficial to add a warning, as was done by Endres et al. in 1999.
 Other factors that need additional research to increase the understanding of this phenomena are the role of intrusions and shifting. These two concepts should be explored further using a measure that specifically measures these concepts. In the complex interplay of suggestibility, these seem to be important factors.
 While much has been learned about suggestibility, some of the research confounds each other and many factors have yet to be paired together to create an additional end result. Further research should proceed in this direction.