History
03
War and Revolution
in the Western World
Professor
Hugh Dubrulle
Class Time: Tuesdays and Thursdays 10:00AM-11:15 AM
Classroom: 13 Alumni Hall
Office: 206 Bradley House
Office hours: Tuesdays 2:30PM-4:00PM; Wednesdays 1:00PM-3:00PM
E-mail: hdubrull@anselm.edu
Telephone: (603) 641-7046
website: http://www.anselm.edu/academic/history/homepage.html
Themes of the Course
In her work, On
Revolution, Hannah Arendt claimed, "Wars and revolutions . . . have
thus far determined the physiognomy of the twentieth century" and that
"war and revolution still constitute its two central political issues."
During the twentieth century, wars and revolutions became frequent, protracted,
and sweeping, rendering the era an "age of extremes," as Eric Hobsbawm
put it. War and revolution, however, are not exclusively twentieth-century phenomena;
they have a long and interwoven history.
In this course,
we will survey the history of war and revolution in the West from about the
16th century onward. We will attempt to define what the words "war"
and "revolution" mean, while investigating the relationship between
the two. How did war influence revolution and vice versa? How did they both
contribute to the world in which we live today?
Required Readings
Michael Howard,
War in European History
Richard Preston, Alex Roland, and Sydney Wise, Men in Arms
William Doyle, The French Revolution
Sheila Fitzpatrick, The Russian Revolution
Primary and Secondary Sources
Web Gallery
Web Links
Movies
Student Requirements and
Assignments
My Policy regarding Academic
Honesty
According to the
American Historical Association's Statement on the Standards of Professional
Conduct, "the expropriation of another author's text, and the presentation
of it as one's own, constitutes plagiarism and is a serious violation of the
ethics of scholarship." The Statement goes on to assert the following:
"Plagiarism includes more subtle and perhaps more pernicious abuses than
simply expropriating the exact wording of another author without attribution.
Plagiarism also includes the limited borrowing, without attribution, of another
person's distinctive and significant research findings, hypotheses, theories,
rhetorical strategies, or interpretations, or an extended borrowing even with
attribution." So what exactly does plagiarism look like? The Statement
continues by stating that "the clearest abuse is the use of another's language
without quotation marks and citation. More subtle abuses include the appropriation
of concepts, data, or notes all disguised as newly crafted sentences, or reference
to a borrowed work in an early note and then extensive further use without attribution."
If you would like more information on this topic, please refer to the AHA's
statement on plagiarism (http://www. theaha.org/standard_02.htm).
Plagiarism is
reprehensible. If I find you have plagiarized another person's work, I will
show you no mercy: you can expect anything from a zero on a particular assignment
to an F in the class. These penalties serve not only to punish the guilty, but
even more important, to deter those who might feel tempted to engage in unethical
behavior.
Class Participation (20%)
I will base your
class participation grade on the frequency and quality of your contribution
to classroom discussion. Positive contributions consist not merely of answering
the professor's questions. They also include:
- Asking questions
concerning the reading, the discussion, or the themes of the course in general
- Challenging
what either the professor or your peers have said
- Making pertinent
observations of all sorts
- Visiting me
during office hours
- Displaying
a positive attitude toward learning and the course
Furthermore, if
you are a student, your job consists of learning. I expect you to come to class
prepared to learn.
- Come to class
having completed the readings assigned for that day (including the textbook
readings).
- If we are scheduled
to discuss a book or an excerpt out of the coursepack, bring the reading to
class so that you can refer to it.
- Bring the textbook
to class.
- Also, please
arrive on time if not a little early. If you must leave class early, let me
know in advance.
Remember, if you
are not attending class, you are not participating.
Quizzes (20%)
In anticipation
of each class meeting, I will post three or four questions associated with the
reading for that particular day. These questions will appear in the "Food
for Thought" section of the website. While you read, pay attention to these
questions. At the beginning of every class meeting, I will give you a five-minute
open-note quiz on one of the three or four posted questions.
Five minutes will
probably not provide you with enough time to scan the reading and write a meaningful
answer. I highly recommend that you jot down notes as you read so that you have
some sort of prepared answer when you take the quiz.
If you arrive
late, you will only have what remains of the five minutes to complete your quiz.
If you miss the quiz completely, you will have no opportunity to make it up.
Essays (30%)
During the semester,
I will provide more information about both of these assignments.
- Essay 1
(due Thursday, February 13) (15%)
- Essay 2
(due Tuesday, April 24) (15%)
Extensions:
I will grant NO extensions on or after the due date. I will provide an extension
only if you produce the necessary documentation from the academic dean's office.
Turning in
Papers: I will not accept papers submitted to me via e-mail. You must
give the paper to me in person on the day it is duebefore I leave campus.
Late Papers:
Late papers will suffer a penalty of 10% for each day they are late. Thus,
a B- paper turned in a day late will become a C- paper. The meter runs on
weekends just as on weekdays. If a paper is due on a Friday, it will be one
day late on Saturday (10% off), two days late on Sunday (20% off), and three
days late on Monday (30% off). The meter also keeps running during holidays
and breaks. It is your responsibility to get the paper to me in such a manner
that I can verify you completed it by a certain time.
I will not grade
late papers until finals week, so not only will you suffer a penalty, you
will also remain ignorant of your paper grade until the end of the semester.
Examinations (30%)
Both examinations
in this class will consist of a short identification section followed by a series
of essays questions.
- Midterm
Examination (10%): This examination will take place on Thursday, February
27.
- Final Examination
(20%): TBA
Everyone must take
the examinations at the assigned timeno exceptions.
Schedule
WEEK 1
Tuesday, January
14
Topic of Discussion:
Introduction
Readings:
None
Thursday, January
16
Topic of Discussion:
What is War?
What is Revolution?
Readings:
Excerpts from
Carl von Clausewitz, On War (1832)
Excerpts from
MacGregor Knox and Williamson Murray, "Thinking about Revolutions in Warfare"
from The Dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050 (2001)
WEEK 2
Tuesday, January
21
Topic of Discussion:
The Reformation
Readings:
Excerpts from
Eugene Rice, Foundations of Early Modern Europe (1970)
Thursday, January
23
Topic of Discussion:
Late Medieval
Warfare and the Military Revolution
Readings:
Howard, pp. 1-19
Preston, Wise,
Roland, pp. 69-103
Web Gallery:
Fortification
and the Military Revolution
Tactics of the
Military Revolution
Web Link:
Dutch City Maps
from Blaeu's Toonneel der Steden
(http://grid.let.rug.nl/~welling/maps/blaeu.html)
WEEK 3
Tuesday, January
28
Topic of Discussion:
The Struggle
for Stability
Readings:
Venetian Ambassador
Alvise Contarini Reports on the Causes of the French Civil Wars (1572)
Excerpts from
Theodore Raab, The Struggle for Stability in Early Modern Europe (1975)
Web Gallery:
The Struggle
for Stability
Thursday, January
30
Topic of Discussion:
The Military
Revolution Debate
Readings:
Michael Roberts,
"The Military Revolution, 1560-1660" (1967)
Geoffrey Parker,
"The 'Military Revolution, 1560-1660'A Myth?" (1976)
Clifford Rogers,
"The Military Revolution of the Hundred Years War" (1993)
Jeremy Black,
"A Military Revolution? A 1660-1792 Perspective" (1995)
WEEK 4
Tuesday, February
4
Topic of Discussion:
The Absolutist
State and Army
Readings:
Preston, Wise,
Roland, pp. 116-132
Howard, pp. 54-74
Excerpts from
Frederick the Great, Works (c. 1770)
Excerpts from
Colbert, Instructions for a General Survey of France (1663)
Excerpts from
Bossuet, Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (c. 1670s)
Excerpts from
Louis XIV, Memoirs (1670)
Web Gallery:
The Absolutist
Army
Absolutist Architecture
Absolutist Portaiture
Thursday, February
6
Topic of Discussion:
The Theory of
the Sovereign People and the Constitutionalist State
Readings:
Excerpts from
John Locke, Two Treatises on Government (1690)
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
WEEK 5
Tuesday, February
11
Topic of Discussion:
The Scientific
Revolution and the Enlightenment
Readings:
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Excerpts from
Kagan, Ozment, Turner, The Western Heritage since 1300 (2001)
René Descartes,
Discourse on Method (1637)
Immanuel Kant,
"What is Enlightenment?" (1784)
Web Gallery:
Art in the Scientific
Revolution and the Enlightenment
Web Link:
How Flintlock
Guns Work (http://www.howstuffworks.com/flintlock.htm)
Thursday, February
13: Essay 1 due
Topic of Discussion:
The American
Revolution
Readings:
Excerpts from
Thomas Paine, Common Sense (1776)
Declaration of
Independence (1776)
Excerpts from
Out of Many: A History of the American People (1995)
Preston, Roland,
and Wise, pp. 148-156
WEEK 6
Tuesday, February
18
Topic of Discussion:
The French Revolution:
From the Liberal Revolution to the Radical Revolution
Readings:
William Doyle,
The French Revolution, pp. 12-15, 19-64
Abbé Sieyès,
What is the Third Estate? (1788)
Thursday, February
20
Topic of Discussion:
The French Revolution:
From the Radical Revolution to the Authoritarian Revolution
Readings:
William Doyle,
The French Revolution, pp. 65-97
WEEK 7
Tuesday, February
25
Topic of Discussion:
The Revolutionary
Way of War
Readings:
Preston, Wise,
Roland, pp. 157-173
Howard, pp. 75-93
Tuesday, February
27: MIDTERM
March 3-7:
Spring Break
WEEK 8
Tuesday, March
11
Topic of Discussion:
The Industrial
Revolution
Readings:
Excerpts from
Jackson Spielvogel, Western Civilization (2000)
Excerpts from
George Sturt, The Wheelwright's Shop (1923)
Thursday, March
13
Topic of Discussion:
Socialism and
Marxism
Readings:
Excerpts from
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (1848)
Karl Marx, "Wage
Capital and Labor" (1848)
Excerpts from
Robert Heilboner, The Worldly Philosophers (1992)
WEEK 9
Tuesday, March
18
Topic of Discussion:
The Revolutions
of 1848
Readings:
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Web Gallery:
Revolution and
Art
Thursday, March
20
Topic of Discussion:
The Marriage
of State and Nation
Readings:
Excerpts from
John Stuart Mill, "On Nationality" from Considerations on Representative
Government (1861)
Excerpts from
R.R. Palmer and Joel Colton, A History of the Modern World (1987)
WEEK 10
Tuesday, March
25
Topic of Discussion:
Approaching Total
War?
Readings:
Preston, Roland,
and Wise, pp. 209-226
Mark Grimsley,
"Surviving Military Revolution: The U.S. Civil War" (2001)
Web Gallery:
The Civil War
Thursday, March
27
Topic of Discussion:
Exporting Revolution
to the Rest of the World
Readings:
Douglas Porch,
"Imperial Wars: From the Seven Years War to the First World War" from
the Oxford Illustrated History of Modern War (1997)
Excerpts from
John Merriman, A History of Modern Europe from the Renaissance to the Present
(1996)
Web Gallery:
Imperialism
WEEK 11
Tuesday, April
1
Topic of Discussion:
The Revolutionary
Impact of World War I
Readings:
Preston, Roland,
and Wise, pp. 227-244
Thursday, April
3
Topic of Discussion:
The Bolshevik
Revolution
Readings:
Sheila Fitzpatrick,
The Russian Revolution, pp. 15-92
WEEK 12
Tuesday, April
8
Topic of Discussion:
Stalin's Second
Revolution
Readings:
Sheila Fitzpatrick,
The Russian Revolution, pp 93-172
Thursday, April
10
Topic of Discussion:
Apogee of the
Age of Extremes: World War II as Total War
Readings:
Preston, Roland,
and Wise, pp. 249-291
Excerpts from
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925, 1927)
Excerpts from
Giulio Douhet, The Command of the Air (1921)
Excerpts from
Charles De Gaulle, The Army of the Future (1934)
Excerpts from
Brian Bond, War and Society in Europe 1870-1970 (1984)
Web Gallery:
World War II
WEEK 13
Tuesday, April
15
Topic of Discussion:
War since 1945
Readings:
Howard, pp. 136-143
Preston, Wise,
Roland, pp. 306-358
Excerpts from
Bernard Brodie, Strategy in the Missile Age (1959)
Web Gallery:
War since 1945
Thursday, April
17: Easter Break
WEEK 14
Tuesday, April
22: Monday classes meet today
Thursday, April
24: Essay 2 due
Topic of Discussion:
Revolution since
1945
Readings:
Preston, Wise,
Roland, pp. 359-386
Excerpts from
Mao Tse-Tung's Works
Selected Works
of Che Guevara
Web Gallery:
Revolution since
1945
WEEK 15
Tuesday, April
29
Topic of Discussion:
Contemporary
Revolutions: The Information Technology Revolution and the Revolution in Military
Affairs
Readings:
Eliot Cohen,
"A Revolution in Warfare" (1996)
MacGregor Knox
and Williamson Murray, "The Future Behind Us" (2001)
William Halal,
"The Information Technology Revolution" (1992)
Joel Swerdlow,
"Information Revolution" (1995)
Peter Drucker,
"Beyond the Information Revolution" (1999)
FINAL EXAMINATION:
TBA